- Particulates are small pieces of solid materials, liquid droplets or biological organisms. When these small particulates become airborne there is a potential for inhalation of the particles. Chronic exposure to particulate matter can cause severe lung and respiratory tract diseases. Including cancer, mesothelioma, silicosis and others. Particles of most concern cannot be discerned by the naked eye, and therefore often go unnoticed for years, further augmenting the hazard.